What is Karana (Half-Tithi)?
Each Tithi consists of two Karanas, creating 60 Karanas per lunar month. Eleven Karanas repeat: four fixed (Shakuni, Chatushpada, Naga, Kimstughna) appearing once each, and seven movable (Bava, Balava, Kaulava, Taitila, Gara, Vanija, Vishti) repeating eight times. Vishti (also called Bhadra) is considered inauspicious. Karanas provide finer timing distinctions within each Tithi.